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authorschererleander <leander@schererleander.de>2026-01-20 08:34:54 +0100
committerschererleander <leander@schererleander.de>2026-01-20 08:34:54 +0100
commit85ea4e995a75abe061f6fc375ea0481084dddd43 (patch)
tree7eb5d57653ecd8f041aeac4e68d7d554c1168681 /libraries/ESP32Servo/examples/Knob
initial commitHEADmain
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+/*
+ Controlling a servo position using a potentiometer (variable resistor)
+ by Michal Rinott <http://people.interaction-ivrea.it/m.rinott>
+
+ modified on 8 Nov 2013
+ by Scott Fitzgerald
+
+ modified for the ESP32 on March 2017
+ by John Bennett
+
+ see http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Knob for a description of the original code
+
+ * Different servos require different pulse widths to vary servo angle, but the range is
+ * an approximately 500-2500 microsecond pulse every 20ms (50Hz). In general, hobbyist servos
+ * sweep 180 degrees, so the lowest number in the published range for a particular servo
+ * represents an angle of 0 degrees, the middle of the range represents 90 degrees, and the top
+ * of the range represents 180 degrees. So for example, if the range is 1000us to 2000us,
+ * 1000us would equal an angle of 0, 1500us would equal 90 degrees, and 2000us would equal 1800
+ * degrees.
+ *
+ * Circuit: (using an ESP32 Thing from Sparkfun)
+ * Servo motors have three wires: power, ground, and signal. The power wire is typically red,
+ * the ground wire is typically black or brown, and the signal wire is typically yellow,
+ * orange or white. Since the ESP32 can supply limited current at only 3.3V, and servos draw
+ * considerable power, we will connect servo power to the VBat pin of the ESP32 (located
+ * near the USB connector). THIS IS ONLY APPROPRIATE FOR SMALL SERVOS.
+ *
+ * We could also connect servo power to a separate external
+ * power source (as long as we connect all of the grounds (ESP32, servo, and external power).
+ * In this example, we just connect ESP32 ground to servo ground. The servo signal pins
+ * connect to any available GPIO pins on the ESP32 (in this example, we use pin 18.
+ *
+ * In this example, we assume a Tower Pro SG90 small servo connected to VBat.
+ * The published min and max for this servo are 500 and 2400, respectively.
+ * These values actually drive the servos a little past 0 and 180, so
+ * if you are particular, adjust the min and max values to match your needs.
+ */
+
+// Include the ESP32 Arduino Servo Library instead of the original Arduino Servo Library
+#include <ESP32Servo.h>
+
+Servo myservo; // create servo object to control a servo
+
+// Possible PWM GPIO pins on the ESP32: 0(used by on-board button),2,4,5(used by on-board LED),12-19,21-23,25-27,32-33
+// Possible PWM GPIO pins on the ESP32-S2: 0(used by on-board button),1-17,18(used by on-board LED),19-21,26,33-42
+// Possible PWM GPIO pins on the ESP32-S3: 0(used by on-board button),1-21,35-45,47,48(used by on-board LED)
+// Possible PWM GPIO pins on the ESP32-C3: 0(used by on-board button),1-7,8(used by on-board LED),9-10,18-21
+int servoPin = 18; // GPIO pin used to connect the servo control (digital out)
+// Possible ADC pins on the ESP32: 0,2,4,12-15,32-39; 34-39 are recommended for analog input
+// Possible ADC pins on the ESP32-S2: 1-20 are recommended for analog input
+#if defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S2) || defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32S3)
+int potPin = 10; // GPIO pin used to connect the potentiometer (analog in)
+#elif defined(CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_ESP32C3)
+int potPin = 4; // GPIO pin used to connect the potentiometer (analog in)
+#else
+int potPin = 34; // GPIO pin used to connect the potentiometer (analog in)
+#endif
+int ADC_Max = 4096; // This is the default ADC max value on the ESP32 (12 bit ADC width);
+ // this width can be set (in low-level oode) from 9-12 bits, for a
+ // a range of max values of 512-4096
+
+int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin
+
+void setup()
+{
+ // Allow allocation of all timers
+ ESP32PWM::allocateTimer(0);
+ ESP32PWM::allocateTimer(1);
+ ESP32PWM::allocateTimer(2);
+ ESP32PWM::allocateTimer(3);
+ myservo.setPeriodHertz(50);// Standard 50hz servo
+ myservo.attach(servoPin, 500, 2400); // attaches the servo on pin 18 to the servo object
+ // using SG90 servo min/max of 500us and 2400us
+ // for MG995 large servo, use 1000us and 2000us,
+ // which are the defaults, so this line could be
+ // "myservo.attach(servoPin);"
+}
+
+void loop() {
+ val = analogRead(potPin); // read the value of the potentiometer (value between 0 and 1023)
+ val = map(val, 0, ADC_Max, 0, 180); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between 0 and 180)
+ myservo.write(val); // set the servo position according to the scaled value
+ delay(200); // wait for the servo to get there
+}
+